Potential Change Management Issues in Apple Free Essay Example, 4250 words

Krazit (2008) has mentioned that Wall Street is expecting Apple to report earnings per share of $1.07 on revenue of $6.9 billion in 2008. He has also mentioned that Apple is a company which is under-promising and over-delivering (Krazit, 2008). Moreover, Timmer (2009) has mentioned that Apple s revenue crossed $ 10 billion marks in the first quarter of 2009 which was a big change from the last quarter $ 7.9 billion marks. Moreover, the quarter-to-quarter rise in profits and earnings per share were significantly higher during this period (Timmer, 2009). These figures clearly suggest that Apple was able to sustain its business or margins even when the consumers stayed away from the market. Apple is currently the most valued technology company in the world. Kim (2010) has mentioned that Apple Inc pushed Microsoft behind them and attained the second spot in the list of most valuable companies in the United States after Exxon Mobil, as far as market capitalization is concerned. Apple's market capitalization - the sum of its outstanding shares multiplied by its stock price - finished at $222.07 billion, ahead of Microsoft's at $219.18 billion Wednesday, May 26, 2010 (Kim, 2010). Pushing Microsoft behind is not an easy task under any circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Potential Change Management Issues in Apple or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Comparison of Oedipus Rex and a Raisin in the Sun Essay

An Introduction to Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. Greek and Roman plays, and even Indeed ancient Indian plays (a common Indo-European Tradition), usually had a pivotal character that â€Å"held the play together†. Also there would be a Chorus that would come into play when the tragedy would begin unfolding. The Greco-Roman variants were almost always tragedies. Be it Homer’s Iliad or Odessey. The hero after long travails always seemed to return to nothing and would come to grief. Achilles, Priam, Agamemnon, Oedipus, all came to grief. In the Greco-Roman tradition, it seems to be a common practice by the Bards and playwrights, to depict their heroes as strong and upright men who fell prey to either their fates or to the whims and fancies of†¦show more content†¦Oedipus the king thought highly about himself and in his pride, thought himself above everyone. And said to the people of the city â€Å"You pray to the gods? Let me grant your prayers† (1231 Oedipus Rex). Oedipus did not see his own life for what it was or the mere mortal that he was. He was vain in that sense, having a lot of pride in who he was and what he had done for the city, after all he was the man who outsmarted the last plague on the city, and saved the city for the citizens. This unfortunately went to his head, and made him arrogant. Jacota was his wife and mother, her character has also been depicted as unwilling to see the truth. She knew in detail about the happenings on night her husband, King Laius was killed, but made it out that there were more than one stranger who murdered him. This remark threw Oedipus off, and he then began searching harder for more clues to this mystery. By this point in the story, Jacota had too much pride to admit what was happening. Later she hung herself so she did not have to face it anymore. In a fashion, Oedipus was a blessed with a good heart and noble intentions, but with a dark fate. He made an honest king, as a king of Thebes, and he wanted the best for his citizens, and he wanted to rid them of the plague that afflicted them. An example of his loyalty was that he sent Creon and he persevered to hunt the murderer to stop the plague. Oedipus was brought up well, he was raised byShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment of Management Skills 42 Scoring Key 42 Comparison Data 42 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 43 SSS Software In-Ba sket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for

Enron Case Study Free Essays

When Sharron Watkins, the former UP of Corporate Development offered to show the problems in counting decisions, Ken Lay, the Chair of the Board refused and said â€Å"He rather not see it†. 2. Regulatory Agencies, SEC and BAS Enron was able to hide their losses behind their ESP. We will write a custom essay sample on Enron Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now or Special Purpose Entities by omitting an Spec’s assets and liabilities from its consolidated financial statements and both SEC and BAS failed to provide formal guidelines for companies to follow in ESP. accounting and reporting. As a result of the minimal legal and accounting guidelines for Esp., Enron along with other companies was able to divert huge amounts of their liabilities and asses to off-balance sheet entities. 3. Management and Accounting team of Enron Both management and accounting team Of Enron manipulated the revenue recognition principle by making vague assumptions that inflated the profits booked on Enron’s commodity contracts. There attempt was to keep the stock prices high by showing inflated financial statements in order to receive high credit ratings and increased lender cash flow into the company. 4. Anderson Accounting Firm The Anderson firm, an independent audit firm failed to provide a more transparent financial statements of Enron. Anderson firm audited the many for 1 5 years where its auditors failed to perform their duties and professional standards of accounting. In fact, Anderson made efforts to restructure Enron’s ESP. to continue to qualify as unconsolidated entities once they became aware of Enron’s rapidly deteriorating financial condition. Anderson firm was more interested in retaining Enron as their client to provide consulting services hence creating a conflict of interest. Lists three type of consulting services that audit firm have provided to their audit client in recent years. For each item, indicate the specific threats, if any, that the reversion of the given services can pose for an audit firm independence. Auditors independence is considered a cornerstone in the accounting profession since they are entrusted by the general public to provide true picture of a company’s financial position. It is believed that non-audit services provided by audit firms impair auditors independence to fairly attest the financial statements produced by the client company. Consulting and audit a same firm causes conflict of interest. Anderson firm earned approximately $52 million in fees from Enron in 2000, less than half of which was directly elated to the auditing, rest were for non-audit services. Audit firm may provide many types of consulting services such as: 1. Tax consulting services 2. Accounting system design services 3. Bookkeeping or other related services 4. Financial advice services, including internal audit consulting service. In this highly competitive market, non-audit services have taken precedence over the traditional accounting and auditing services. Even if an audit firm is fairly attesting financial statements and provides honest opinion of a company, its stakeholders and other users may still presume otherwise due o the recent accounting debacles such as Enron and Anderson firm. The additional non-audit services may prove to be a threat to the audit firm’s independence. By providing financial advice services for Enron’s accounting procedures, Anderson provided them an opportunity to manipulate the reporting and treatment of the Esp.. Bookkeeping and following correct accounting procedures are very important components of preparing financial statements. Manipulations of these data are likely to show up when it is audited accurately, and with precision. When the same company repaper and audits the financial statements, it can create conflict of interest just like in this case, where the creators of accounting procedures I. E the management and Anderson team fabricated the financial statements by using complex accounting procedures and loopholes that users could not understand. Any other consulting services such as tax advisory also creates a threat to the independence of the auditing firm, where manipulations are more likely to happen which can hurt the creditability of the audited statements and the auditor’s opinion about the company. For purpose of this question, assume that the excerpts from the Power Report shown in Exhibit 3 provide accurate description of Andersen’s involvement in Enron accounting and financial reporting decisions. Given this assumption, do you believe that Andersen’s involvement in those decisions violated any professional auditing standards? If so, lists those standards and briefly explain your rationale. Arthur Anderson, once known as one of the top accounting firms in nation, was ridiculed and criticized for their questionable accounting and auditing procedures of their client Enron, which ultimately lead to its demise. Their faulty accounting practices shattered investor confidence in auditors throughout the country and made way to Serbians-Solely Act of 2002 and the creation of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PEPCO) to oversee the rule-making process for independent audit function. Anderson provided external auditing, internal auditing and consulting services to Enron. They violated several of their professional and ethical standards by accepting large suns in fees and perhaps by looking the other way to the faulty accounting practices contemplated by Enron’s management ND giving them an unqualified audit opinion on the financial statements. Andersen earned around $52 million from Enron during 2000, but only $25 million was payment in reference to the 2000 audit. With such an involvement in non-audit services they were not independent of the company, violating the most important standard of auditing. They put their own interest before the interest of the users of their audited financial statements and opinion. From the excerpts it can be concluded that they were deeply involved in the accounting and structuring of the Esp., where they were more interested in electing millions of dollars in fees and failed to provide objective accounting judgment that should have prevented these transactions from going forward. Andersen failed to bring to the attention of Enron internal Audit and Compliance Committee about the serious reservations brought on internally about the related-party transactions, I. . Esp., which clearly shows the violation of professional auditing standards. Anderson firm should have supervised the auditing services provided by its auditors to maintain independence. This lacks of planning and supervision made Anderson to be highly involved in client accounting and financial porting decisions. Anderson had concerns about the disclosures of the related third-party transac tions in the financial statement footnotes and instead of pointing those out to the Audit and Compliance Committee they vouched on its accuracy and issued an unqualified opinion on the financial. How to cite Enron Case Study, Free Case study samples

Employee Voice And Psychological Ownership -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Employee Voice And Psychological Ownership? Answer: Introduction The present assignment analyzes about the importance of ethical leadership in business. Ethical leadership has huge significance in business as its leads to strategic as well as financial success of the organizations (Avey, Wernsing and Palanski 2012). This study also evaluates on the changing dynamics of the global business from developed to developing countries. The impact of these dynamics on the ethical standards is also analyzed in this assignment. The process of establishing ethical standards for avoiding corruption and supporting corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging market is also assessed in this assignment. The standards that should prevail when moral business conducts standards create conflict across borders. The study also analyses about how the leaders in the organization create and maintain organizational standards of business practice that are ethical as well as moral. Changing dynamics of global business from developed to developing nations and its impact on ethical standards For the last few decades, there has been huge change in dynamics of the global business environment owing to advancement of new technology, ethical practices, cultural as well as political ideologies, emerging markets etc. This in turn have huge impact on the various aspects of ethical standards in the business. Recent evidences reflects that some of the business organizations integrates unethical business practices as they faces huge difficulties in meeting with the changing global environment. The unethical practices adopted by the global business organizations includes exploitation of workers, loopholes in tax, corruptions etc. The violation of ethical standards by the global business adversely impacts on their efficiency, profitability and reputation (Hartman, DesJardins, and MacDonald 2014). Furthermore, social media along with smart technologies works together to counteract these unethical practices. However, the business operating in both developed and developing countries ad just their management styles as well as strategies in order to achieve success in competitive business environment. In fact, the investors as well as consumers take into account the organizational practices while making the decision regarding investment of funds and purchase of goods. For example, some of the multinational companies such as Walmart have been alleged with scandals relating to bribery and corruption due to change in global environment, which in turn adversely impacts on their financial performance. Assessing the procedure of establishing ethical standards to avoid corruption and support CSR The procedures of establishing ethical standards to avoid corruption are illustrated below: The organizations should set up proper rationale in order to corruption. Setting up corporate governance framework will help to mitigate the risk of corruption. Certain risk areas of corruption including public procurement should be properly examined and adoption of transparent model will aid to prevent corruption at each levels of business. The companies should step up enforcement or integrity framework through effectual international cooperation. They should properly utilize data analytics as it helps in extracting, analyzing and interpreting data and also detect corruption. CSR refers to the responsibility of companies for the effect of their activities as well as decisions on society and environment. Integration of ethical standards also helps the organizations to support CSR while doing business in the emerging markets (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). However, the business integrating processes like corporate strategy, governance and business procedure redesign aids to reconcile with ethicality while doing business in the emerging markets. Additionally, CSR with proper ethical standard also facilitates to reduce adverse impact that is caused through business operations (Yukl 2013). It also facilitates to increase positive contributions through anti- bribery as well as anti- corruption measures, transparency in reporting, accountability, employees volunteering etc. Standards prevailing when moral business conducting standards creates conflict across borders Several organizations around the globe divide their employees into different levels in order to conduct ethical standards in business. As the employees operating in different layers have varied culture of compliance, the company needs to concentrate on administering compliance in several sections. In addition, the employees at different layers should have proper communication among themselves for making compliance culture exist within business. In fact, leaders also plays vital role in maintaining standards when moral business conducting these standards creates conflicts across borders. They motivate the employees working at lower levels to conduct ethical practice before adhering to higher rankings (Yidong and Xinxin 2013). Western practices apt to portray domestic nation standards as more restrictive than lower standards of the emerging markets. Leaders creating and maintaining companys standards of business practice that is ethical and moral The ethics applied by leaders in the company to manage employees impacts on their moral as well as loyalty. The code of ethics used by the leaders mainly determines disciplinary procedures as well as acceptable behavior for the employees in organizations. The leaders having high ethical standards motivate employees in the company to meet the same level. In addition, the actions of ethical leadership are mainly concerned with creation of ethical institutions and resolving specific ethical dilemmas in leadership (Eisenbei and Giessner 2012). The leaders also negotiate various ethical concerns for remaining competitive in the global business environment. If I were the leader in the organization that operates in both developed as well as emerging markets, personal and organizational standards of business practices that are ethical as well as morale can be created through- Ethical Quality- Several tools will be used for ensuring quality of product and customer service. These tools includes- adoption of six sigma, lean supply chain management etc. Ethical communication- Proper communication will be developed for helping the employees convey truthful information regarding business operations(Yukl et al. 2013). Ethical succession planning- Strong operational procedures and companys standards will be established for the succession planning. Ethical collaboration-All the leaders including myself will collaborate with advisors for incorporating best practices and address issues facing the company. Conclusion Ethical leadership in business helps to improve credibility as well as reputation of the organization by accentuating ethical decisions, ideas, behaviors and boundaries. They also helps to reduce liability in business, assure high quality service to customers, prevents corruption and administrative errors and helps their workers in making good decisions. Moreover, development of principles relating to ethical leadership should also address care of environment and sustainability principles for attaining good reputation in competitive marketplace. References Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Palanski, M.E., 2012. Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.21-34. Eisenbei, S.A. and Giessner, S.R., 2012. The emergence and maintenance of ethical leadership in organizations.Journal of Personnel Psychology. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Monahan, K., 2012. A review of the literature concerning ethical leadership in organizations.Emerging leadership journeys,5(1), pp.56-66 Voegtlin, C., Patzer, M. and Scherer, A.G., 2012. Responsible leadership in global business: A new approach to leadership and its multi-level outcomes.Journal of Business Ethics,105(1), pp.1-16. Yidong, T. and Xinxin, L., 2013. How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.441-455. Yukl, G., Mahsud, R., Hassan, S. and Prussia, G.E., 2013. An improved measure of ethical leadership.Journal of leadership organizational studies,20(1), pp.38-48. Yukl, G.A., 2013.Leadership in organizations. Pearson Education India.